Firdaous Initiative for Academic Excellence: Leading Change in Africa

Abstract The 2007–2008 post-election violence in Kenya serves as a poignant lesson on the potential for conflict and upheaval following contested elections in Africa. With Mozambique currently grappling with similar election-related violence, examining Kenya’s experience provides crucial insights into conflict prevention, peace-building, and the role of governance in promoting electoral integrity. This article explores Kenya’s post-election crisis, highlighting causes, responses, and eventual reforms, while analyzing how Mozambique can apply these lessons. It focuses on the

1.1  Introduction to Refugee Law Refugee law is a complex and evolving field of international law aimed at protecting individuals who flee their country due to well-founded fears of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. The 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol form the core of international refugee law, setting the standards for refugee protection, including the principle of non-refoulement.[1] This principle, enshrined in Article